Perspective of Communiity Health Practitioners on Indoor Air Quality in Nigeria: Implications for Primary Health care and Environmental Health Promotion

Abstract

Indoor air pollution (IAP) is a critical yet under-addressed health challenge in Nigeria, particularly affecting vulnerable populations due to the widespread use of biomass fuels and poor housing conditions. Community Health Practitioners (CHPs) are part of Nigeria's Primary Healthcare system and environmental health promotion; however, their awareness and engagement in indoor air quality (IAQ) interventions remain insufficiently documented. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 114 CHPs attending postgraduate and top-up programmes at Wesley University, Ondo, Nigeria. Participants were purposively selected to represent all six geopolitical zones of the country. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, perceptions, and the influence of IAQ perspectives on health promotion practices. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The study revealed a significant level of awareness among CHPs about IAQ and its health implications. Practitioners with formal training in environmental health demonstrated greater knowledge (p = 0.022) and perceived IAQ as a significant public health concern (p = 0.032). Furthermore, CHP perspectives significantly influenced the integration of IAQ strategies into primary healthcare and community health education (p = 0.023). Community Health Practitioners in Nigeria possess substantial awareness of indoor air pollution and recognise its public health relevance. Their perspectives significantly impact IAQ strategy integration within primary healthcare systems. Strengthening their role through curriculum enhancement, targeted capacity building, and supportive policies is essential for sustainable IAQ management and improved population health outcomes.